Participants shadowed ten short passages of light fiction. About 30 seconds later they were given a recognition test using similar material, present in neither the list nor the passage, as a control.Įxperiment 2 was conducted to find out the limits of the efficiency of the attentional block. The participant was then asked to recall the content of the rejected message. In experiment 1 a short list of simple words was repeatedly presented to one of the participant’s ears whilst they shadowed a prose message presented to the other ear (the list faded in and out) the list was repeated 35 times. It is not known how many were in Experiment 1. 12 people participated in the experimental conditions in Experiment 2 and two groups of 14 participants took part in Experiment 3. All participants were undergraduates or research workers and were male and female. The DV was the number of digits correctly recalled. Experiment 3 used an independent measures design and the IVs were whether digits were inserted into one or two messages and secondly whether participants had to answer questions about the shadowed message at the end of each passage or just remember the numbers. Experiment 2 used an independent measures design, for which the IV was whether or not instructions were prefixed by the participant’s own name, while the DV was the number of affective instructions. All passages throughout the study were recorded by one male speaker.Įxperiment 1 used a repeated measures design and the IVs were a dichotic listening test and a recognition test, while the DV was the number of words recognised correctly in the rejected message. Before each experiment the participants were given four passages of prose to shadow for practice. The messages were of equal loudness, judged by each participant. Method: A tape recorder was used in this lab experiment, which was modified with two amplifiers to allow two outputs, one to each ear through a set of headphones. The first experiment in this study aimed to test Cherry’s findings more rigorously, while experiments 2 and 3 aimed to investigate other factors that can affect attention in dichotic listening Divided attention is tested using a dual-task technique, whereby participants must attend to two or more messages, which rather than focusing attention, deliberately divides it. Cherry found that those who ‘shadowed’ a message in one ear, were unaware of the content of the message in the other ear. This is known as dichotic listening and was first investigated by Cherry (1953) when researching the cocktail party phenomenon. Messages are repeated aloud as they are heard. The most popular way of doing this is to use shadowing, in which one message is fed into one ear and a different message into the other. Selective attention is tested by presenting two or more ‘messages’ at the same time and participants are instructed to process and respond to only one of them. ![]() Attention in Dichotic Listening: Affective Cues and the Influence of Instructionsīackground and aim: Research uses two main methods to study auditory attention:
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